Proglucagon: difference between revisions
Diff·revision 5 → 6·22:22, 18 Aug 2024
Difference between revision 5 and revision 6 of Proglucagon. 2 lines changed; the page grew by 423 bytes.
| Revision 5 — 17:00, 8 Aug 2024 ChainCustodyChad (talk) distinguish the active and total forms of the hormone throughout 2,238 bytes ±0 | Revision 6 — 22:22, 18 Aug 2024 GMP_Gita (talk) attribute the gastric-emptying effect to the study that measured it 2,661 bytes +423 | ||
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| 10 | The products differ between those tissues because the processing enzymes do. Prohormone convertase 2 predominates in the alpha cell and liberates glucagon; prohormone convertase 1/3 predominates in the L cell and the brainstem and liberates GLP-1 and GLP-2 instead. A single transcript therefore yields a hyperglycaemic hormone in one tissue and a hypoglycaemic one in another.{{r|holst2007}} | 10 | The products differ between those tissues because the processing enzymes do. Prohormone convertase 2 predominates in the alpha cell and liberates glucagon; prohormone convertase 1/3 predominates in the L cell and the brainstem and liberates GLP-1 and GLP-2 instead. A single transcript therefore yields a hyperglycaemic hormone in one tissue and a hypoglycaemic one in another.{{r|holst2007}} |
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| + | 12 | This arrangement has direct therapeutic consequences. The structural relatedness of the products is why a single engineered peptide can be designed to act at two or three receptors of the family at once — the basis of the [[Dual incretin agonist|dual]] and triple agonists — and why measuring "glucagon" by an antibody raised against a shared epitope has generated a long history of unreliable data.{{r|sandoval2015}} | |
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| 12 | == Gene and transcript == | 14 | == Gene and transcript == |
| 13 | ''GCG'' lies on human chromosome 2 and comprises six exons. A single mRNA species is produced in all expressing tissues; there is no tissue-specific splicing in humans. Translation yields preproglucagon of 180 residues, from which the 20-residue signal peptide is removed co-translationally to give the 160-residue prohormone.{{r|sandoval2015}} | 15 | ''GCG'' lies on human chromosome 2 and comprises six exons. A single mRNA species is produced in all expressing tissues; there is no tissue-specific splicing in humans. Translation yields preproglucagon of 180 residues, from which the 20-residue signal peptide is removed co-translationally to give the 160-residue prohormone.{{r|sandoval2015}} |