Incretin effect: difference between revisions
Diff·revision 7 → 8·07:59, 9 Jul 2024
Difference between revision 7 and revision 8 of Incretin effect. 3 lines changed; the page grew by 512 bytes.
| Revision 7 — 08:17, 4 Jul 2024 LCellLeif (talk) expand §Quantification and measurement 1,841 bytes ±0 | Revision 8 — 07:59, 9 Jul 2024 HalfLifeHavel (talk) undo good-faith edit: the source does not say this 2,353 bytes +512 | ||
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| 10 | In healthy adults, the incretin effect accounts for approximately 50–70% of the total insulin secretion that follows oral glucose intake. The remaining 30–50% comes from direct stimulation of beta cells by the rising blood glucose itself, termed the glucose-stimulated response. This dual-mechanism design — nutrient-sensing via hormones, plus direct glucose sensing — confers tight glycaemic control in the postprandial state while minimizing the risk of hypoglycaemia when glucose is low.{{r|holst2007}} | 10 | In healthy adults, the incretin effect accounts for approximately 50–70% of the total insulin secretion that follows oral glucose intake. The remaining 30–50% comes from direct stimulation of beta cells by the rising blood glucose itself, termed the glucose-stimulated response. This dual-mechanism design — nutrient-sensing via hormones, plus direct glucose sensing — confers tight glycaemic control in the postprandial state while minimizing the risk of hypoglycaemia when glucose is low.{{r|holst2007}} |
| 11 | 11 | ||
| + | 12 | == Historical discovery == | |
| + | 13 | The observation that oral glucose intake provokes a larger insulin response than intravenous glucose at matched glycaemic levels was documented in the 1920s, but the mechanism was unknown for over 40 years. Early hypotheses included a direct effect of the intestinal mucosa on the pancreas (Loewi's "enteroinsular axis") and nervous reflexes, but these remained speculative until the insulin-secreting peptide hormones of the gut were isolated and characterized.{{r|creutzfeldt1979}} | |
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| 12 | == References == | 15 | == References == |
| 13 | {{reflist}} | 16 | {{reflist}} |