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Dose escalation schedule (revision 2)

Old revision·09:24, 14 Oct 2024·A1c_Alder

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Dose escalation schedule
PurposeTolerability, not efficacy
Typical step interval4 weeks for weekly agents
Limiting effectGastrointestinal adverse events
Topic infobox · conventions

A dose escalation schedule is a planned stepwise increase from a starting dose to a maintenance dose. For incretin agonists it exists to manage tolerability: the starting dose is generally below the effective range, and its purpose is to allow gastrointestinal adaptation before an effective dose is reached.[1]

Step intervals for weekly agents are conventionally four weeks, which is approximately the time to steady state for a peptide with a half-life of several days. Escalating faster raises the dose before the previous step is fully expressed, so both exposure and adverse effects accumulate.[2]

Why escalation works

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Nausea and vomiting from incretin agonism attenuate with continued exposure at a constant dose, an adaptation associated with the attenuation of the delay in gastric emptying over the same period. Escalation exploits that adaptation by holding each dose long enough for it to occur before increasing.[1]

The insulinotropic and appetite effects do not attenuate in the same way, so the adaptation is selective: tolerability improves while efficacy is retained. This asymmetry is what makes the strategy work at all.

References

  1. ^ a b Drucker DJ. "Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1." Cell Metabolism 27(4):740–756 (2018). PMID 29617641.
  2. ^ Knudsen LB, Lau J. "The discovery and development of liraglutide and semaglutide." Frontiers in Endocrinology 10:155 (2019). PMID 31031702.